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Insulin glulisine, marketed as Apidra®, is a rapid-acting human insulin analog used to manage hyperglycemia in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Designed for mealtime glucose control, it offers a faster onset and shorter duration compared to regular human insulin. This article synthesizes evidence from the British National Formulary (BNF), Lippincott Textbook of Pharmacology, and Lange Basic & Clinical Pharmacology to outline its pharmacology, clinical applications, and safety profile.
Insulin glulisine mimics endogenous insulin by binding to insulin receptors on target cells (muscle, fat, liver). Key actions include:
As a rapid-acting analog, insulin glulisine has a faster onset (10–15 minutes) and shorter duration (3–5 hours) than regular insulin due to amino acid substitutions (asparagine at B3 replaced by lysine, lysine at B29 replaced by glutamic acid) (Lange).
Serious:
Renal/hepatic function in impaired patients
Lactation: Safe; insulin does not pass into breast milk (BNF
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